Elastic-fluid turbine



O. JUNGGREN ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed Dec. 8, 1925 State of New York,

Patented Jan. 6, 1925.

UNITED Is '.r,.11rr.s p1

yoscAn JUNGGBEN,

nLAs'rIc-rnurn `trimnisna .Apiition med-December s, 192s. smal 110,679,482.

To all "t my .co'nccm: Y

Be it lx'n'own that I, OsoA-R. JUNcGRnN, la citizen of' the United` States, residingat Schenectady, inthe. county of Schenectady, have invented certain new and useful,Improvements in Elastic-- Fluid Turbines, vof'fwhich the following is a specification. l I 1 3 Y 1 The present invention relatesI to elastic fluidturbines and especially yto such tur.- bines when designed to operate at veryhigh fluid pressures as 1000 pounds for example. It is evident that the casing's-` for such Vtur-` bines must be exceedingly strongto withstand the high `fluid pressure, andthat the interior, parts of the turbine-such as the nozzles', Adiaphragms, packings, etc. .must be sof constructed and arranged yas to be, free .to expandfand y contract radiallyfwith tem-- perature changes 'Without imposing additional stresses .due4 to 4such Iaction ly-on: the

casing.

My' present invention has for itsobject the provision ofa turbine which is capable of, operating fat very high pressures and temperatures.` lF or a consideration. ofwhat I believe to be novel and my invention,'at

. tention is directed 4to the accompanying de-v scription and claims appended thereto.

l,In the accompanying drawing, which. is illustrative of my invention, Fig. 1 is a side View of a high pressure multi-stage impulse turbine, with certain of the, parts showin in section; Fig. 2 is across section, taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detail view on an enlarged scale showing'how the diaphragms are-seated on one another.,

The structure illustrated forms the high` pressure elementlof a multi-stage turbo-gen.- erator unit, the exhaust. from which is -delivered toy one or more other elements operating at lo'wer pressures and which drive or may drive electric generators. A Ik3 indicates the bed plate =or foundation which supports the turbine, and the *generator 4, one end of which latter only is illustrated;y The turbine casing considered as an' entirety is 'divided into three principal elementsl 5, ,6 and 7. The element 5 is'divided as usual in the horizontal plane of the shaft into two parts an upperpart Sand'a lower"y part 9 said parts lbein' flanged,V ,at their meeting edges and united y numerous bolts. ,The elements are'provided. withan annular angelO which is rabbeted or shouldered :to-- the central velement v6.r Inside of l the element 5 is. located thelshaft `bearing 11,- shown in dotted lines, Jand usually aj thrust bearing atrthe outer end. lSaid element also forms Vthe yp illow blockfor the shaft bearingand has feet which are bolted to the foundation. 12 indicates apartition i having a shaft opening and is designed to prevent the heat ofthehigh pressure packing from' directly aifectingthe bearing and they .lubricating oil therein. I

As the casin elementsf and garesubjected `to great yfdiiferent temperatures, it is evident that theyLwill -expandland contract radially bvdili'erent amounts@ To permit of .this difference in expansion theele- .0F www. m .www

C0M1ANY,A0IPoRArIoN or NEW You, z n I ment 5 instead of being a-completel unbroken annulus 1s cut awayasvat 5@t 'to formbars 5b which although of relatively massivezconstruction in order `to support the: weight andI resist, strainsare: capable .of'and do yield' sutliciently to permit-differences 2in.-ra'dia1 expansion without injury. .The cut-.away

portions also.permit;of.a circulation-of air which assists in-y preventing the transferfof heat directly ,from thehot element' 6 tothe cooler element 5. j I The intermediate element 6 instead of1be,-.. inghdivided in two parts, anaupper'and aV lower, in Vaccordance with common practice.

in turbines 'of ordinary construction, fis

made ofa single piece steel casting orforgv ing and is rabbeted and bolted atlits ends to the element 5 and tothe exhaust element 1. It is also provided with a steam inlet conduit 13 cast integral therewith. yInside y of the element.v and formed integral therewith is a head 14 having an annular andl axially extendingmember `15 to which'the stationary member of the 'high pressure-` packing is bolted. This. member is provided with an annular part` 16 to which is secured the carrier r17 for `the stationary teeth orelements-of a labyrinth packing, the co-operating member being lcarried by the shaft. AIt will be observed that 'the point of. attachmentbf the part 16fto the. member is relatively thin and that thepart is separated -from thewall ofv the annulus 15 by space. This arrangementrpermits "the, parts to expand and contractboth radially? and faxiallywithout'interference yfroI'I1;.-the. q

main casing element; Inside ofthe Casin element and on the head 14 is a shouldenan supported thereon is aring 18 having nozprior constructions -does not engage the yinner surface of the casing. element and being supportedwholly at the center by the shoulder isv free to expand and contract Without affecting the casing. The ring cooperates With the casing head to form a `steam chest 2O which communicates with the inlet 18, n Y

The diaphragms 21 of which any numberv mayl be provided are of similar construction the' only difference being that the nozzle areas increasev from. the high vpressure tothe low pressure end, and some changes in dimensions are made to compensate for the change vin the nozzles. The loW pressure diaphragm is seated on a shoulder formed onvthe third or exhaust element 7. The inletside of each diaphragm is provided with a shoulder 21a,- Fig. 3, on which is seated the next diaphragm of higher pressure. These shoulders on the parts are so arranged that the-.diaphragms-are centered one .on 'thev other except the first and last and these aresupported and centered by the head of the machine and the exhaust element respectively. n

Between the periphery Iof each dia-l phragm and the inner Wall of the surrounding casingv is an annular clearance 22 which is lin open communication with the steam chest through clearance 22a around the high pressurey nozzle ring 19. Asa result of this a belt of high pressure steam Will surround the diaphragm and serve to reduce condensation in the several stages.

Each diaphragm is also provided With a stage'packing member 23 which co-operates with a packing member on the shaft. Between the diaphragms and also on the exhaust side of the low pressure'one, are

bucket Wheels 24 of any suitable construc-v tion, each having a peripheral ronT of buckets through which the steam flows axially. f

The exhaust or loW pressure element 7 is divided in the horizontal plane of the shaft into two parts, an upper and a lower which are bolted together at their meets ing flanges. One end of the element'is rabbeted to the middle element 6 and the other end to the casing of the generator orother power-absorbing apparatus. That portionv of the element which formsa con- .necting and supporting means is provided with openings v25 whichdivide the structure into relatively massive bars 26 Which are capable of yielding sufficiently to permit of '.radial'expansion of the element 6 Without causing undue strains and stresses in theL generatorv` casing. In this respect the' construction is` similar to that of right hand partof' element 5 and for the same reason. y f

At the left hand end of the element and castrintegral with. the parts thereof is a head 27 Which is hollowed out to form an annular exhaust chamber 28. Formed integral With the upper partand communicating ,unit of lower pressure. The head also sup- .ports the outer member of the low pressure shaft packing, the construction of which is the same as that of the high pressure packing, diifering only in size."l vThe specific construct-ion yof the co-operating parts of the packing has not been'illustrated because the invention is"notflimited infthis particular. v Inside vof the element 7' is a rigid coupling 31 for uniting lthe parts of the shaft 32 of the turbine and generator. A bearing 83 for the generator end is also mounted in the element. The generator casing is also supported bythe foundation, a portion of one of the supporting feet being shown at 34.

rOwing to the arrangement of the parts it will be seen that in assembling 'and disassembling the casing elementl and rotor parts must be separated by relative axial movements. Generally -this Will be done by first removing the element 5"and then theelement 6, first taking out the holding bolts. To` assemble lthe rotorf the lou pressure Wheel Will usually first be mounted on the shaft, then ka diaphragm, then a Wheel and so on. j

In accordance with the` provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with thel apparatus which I now consider to' represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by othery means. n

IVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters'Patent of the United States isz- 1. In an: elasticfluid turbine, the combination of a rotor, a casing comprising an annular one piece element` which encloses the rotor and is adapted to be mounted in place' by relative axial movements of saidparts, other elements'located at the ends ofthe rotor enclosing element for supportingit, there being provision in each of the last named elementls'permitting independent radial expansion and vcontraction of the: rotor enclosing element, and a bed plate on which the said end elements are mounted. y

2. Inan elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor, a casing Vcomprising an annular one piece element which encloses the rotor and is adapted to be mounted in place by relative axial movements which are bolted to the ends of the enclosing element for supporting it, each of said elements including yielding members which permit independent radial expansion and contraction of the enclosing element, and a bed plate upon which the end elements are mounted.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combinat'ion of a rotor comprising a plurality of bucket wheels and a shaft, a single piece casing element for the rotor having va shouldered hi h pressure head, a detachable element or closing the low pressure end of the casing which is also shouldered, nozzle diaphragme which are spaced from the casing wall are! located between the wheels and have interlocking means Whe-reby they are supported one on the other, the diaphragme at opposite ends of the casing being supported by said shoulders, means for discharging flu-id to the first Wheel, and an exhaust' conduit.

4f. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor comprising a plurality of bucket wheels and a shaft, a single piece casing -element for the rotor having a head which forms a part of the fluid-admitting chest and is provided with r a shoulder, an annular nozzle-carrying member which cooperates with the head to form said chest, and is seated on the shoulder, an element for closing the low pressure end of the casing which is provided with a shoulder, nozzle-carrying diaphragms between the wheels which are supported `one on the other, the high pressure diaphragm being supported by the shoulder on the annular member and the low pressure diaphragm on the shoulder of the exhaust end closing element, and an exhaust conduit.

5. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor comprising a plurality of bucket wheels and a shaft, a single piece casing element for the rotor having a head which forms a part of the fluid admitting chest and is provided with a shoulder, an annular nozzle-carrying member which cooperates .with the head to form said cliest is seated on the shoulder and is separated from the inner wall of the casing by a clearance through which fluid is permitted to flow from the chest, an element for closing the low pressure end of the casing which is provided with a shoulder, nozzlecarrying diaphragme between lthe wheels which are supported V011e on the other with the end diaphragme supported by the member and shoulder, respectively, v there being a space between the inner wall of the casing and the peripheries ofthe Vdiaphragms which is in open communication with said clearance, and an exhaust conduit.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of `a rotor comprising bucket wheels and a shaft, a single piece annular casing element therefor, means for closing the high pressure end of the casing, an element for closing the low pressure end of the casing which also forms a support therefor, said element being provided with two concentric shoulders, the outer of which forms a seat for the annular casing, a nozzle-carryng member carried by said'means which is provided with a shoulder near its. periphery, nozzle-carrying diaphragms which are supported atthe high pressure end by the shoulder on the nozzle-carrying member and at the low pressure end by the inner shoulder on said element, and inlet' and exhaust conduits. Y

7. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor, a casing therefor, a

portion of its head end defining a part of a fluid chest, a nozzle member mounted inside of the casing which defines the other part of the fluid chest, there being a radial clearance between the `periphery of the member and the casing, nozzle diaphragms which are mounted within the cas-` ing, enclose the wheels and are separated from the casing by a space to which high pressure fluid lfrom the chest is admitted for the purpose of reducing condensation of the fluid as it flows through the rotor, an inlet, and an exhaust outlet.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of December, 1923.

dosCAia JUNGGREN. 

